Ops trucks, maintenance crews, fuelers, mowing and construction convoys, winter storm shifts, wildlife patrols, and escorted visitors all work the same surfaces the aircraft do. Each carries different authorizations, different escort requirements, and different areas they are allowed to enter, and the mix changes with the season and the construction schedule.

Surveillance is built around aircraft, so this entire ground picture runs on radio calls and driver training. That leaves vehicle and pedestrian deviations (VPDs), the ground side's share of runway incursions, along with escort rules nobody can verify while they matter, contractor surges that outpace the badging office, and investigations built from statements because there is no position record.

RTS is built around preventing that incursion. Every ground vehicle and person goes on one live map alongside ADS-B aircraft positions, alert rules are scoped by vehicle category and zone, and a vehicle deviating toward a runway triggers a warning in the cab and the operations center before the deviation becomes an incursion. Every movement on the surface is recorded.